Introduction
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders affecting children today. While often seen in childhood, ADHD can continue through adolescence and adulthood. It affects attention span, self-control, behavior, and emotional regulation. Understanding what ADHD is, what causes it, and how it shows up is the first step toward compassionate, effective care.
What Is ADHD?
ADHD is a condition marked by a pattern of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development. These behaviors occur more frequently and intensely than in other children of the same age. To be diagnosed, symptoms must be present for at least six months and affect the child in more than one setting (e.g., at home and school).
Types of ADHD
ADHD is classified into three subtypes:
1. Predominantly Inattentive Type
o Difficulty focusing on tasks
o Easily distracted, forgetful
o Often loses things and makes careless mistakes
2. Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Type
o Constant movement or restlessness
o Talks excessively, interrupts others
o Impulsive behaviors and difficulty waiting for turns
3. Combined Type
o Features both inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms
Core Symptoms of Inattention
· Frequent careless mistakes
· Difficulty sustaining focus
· Doesn’t listen when spoken to
· Fails to complete tasks
· Avoids tasks requiring sustained effort
· Frequently loses items
· Easily distracted
· Forgetful in daily activities
Core Symptoms of Hyperactivity and Impulsivity
· Fidgets and squirms
· Leaves seat inappropriately
· Talks excessively
· Interrupts conversations
· Has trouble playing quietly
· Acts as if “driven by a motor”
Causes of ADHD
ADHD arises from a combination of genetic, neurological, and environmental factors:
· Genetics: ADHD often runs in families.
· Brain Differences: Studies show that children with ADHD may have differences in brain structure, especially in areas related to attention and behavior control.
· Environmental Risks: Exposure to tobacco, alcohol, or lead during pregnancy or early childhood.
· Brain Injuries: While rare, traumatic brain injury may contribute to ADHD-like symptoms.
Conclusion
Recognizing the symptoms and understanding the root causes of ADHD can lead to earlier intervention, better support, and improved outcomes for children and families. In our next blog, we’ll dive deeper into the lesser-known challenges that often accompany ADHD.
